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![]() There are some concepts which are associated with Russia. It is "Winter", "Frost", "Siberia". On the other hand many handicrafts souvenirs inspired by heat of human hands are intimately related with Russia too. It is nesting dolls, lacquered boxes painted by the artists of Palekh, Kholui, Mstera and Fedoskino, traditional russian outfits - sarafans and head-dresses kokoshniks, wood carving and painted figurines like Santa and Angels , distinctive handmade Christmas ornaments, artistic fashioned hand crafted rolly-polly dolls, rostov finift, khokhloma wood crockery and many other nice souvenirs. ![]() First russian nesting doll was of 8 pieces nesting doll made by woodcarver Zvezdochkin and painted by artist Malutin in 1890. "Matryona" or fond Matryosha was popular women name in old Russia. It became worldwide known when it got gold medal on World Exhibition in Paris in 1900. There were many clever artists those times who originated a new style in applied art of nesting dolls designing. Thanks to V. Ivanov, I. Busigin, I. Prokhorov, M. Vrubel, N. Bulichev and many others, nesting dolls were so popular in the beginning of 20 century that some foreign entrepreneurs started to produce these dolls. At the same time there formed centers of nesting dolls in Russia. First of them was dolls making center Sergiev Posad. Later babooshka dolls were made in Polhovsky Maidan and in Semenov too. In Soviet Russia nesting dolls were mass-produced with standardized designs. But since Perestroyka of M. Gorbatchev individually designed nesting dolls have got the second wind. Until the late ninetieth of 20 century, nesting dolls were customary to paint only with the several variant of the designing manner and to use a simple set of depicting means; the whole of doll was then lacquered. Author nesting dolls, however, are made in many painting ways - for the front and for the back. Often the facial expression and position of the arms are tokens of the artist. By varying the color palette of the flowers and the miniatures of the front side, a single type of nesting dolls can be given many different expressions. Gold foil , aquarelle and manifold decorative furnishings add the nesting dolls peculiar visual effect. ![]() Lacquer boxes are another sample of russian folk art. By the 18-19 century, a repertoire of papier-mashe lacquer boxes entered the market. Appreciated for their naturalistic features, variety, and charm, these boxes are known as Fedoskino lacquer boxes , from the village Fedoskino where many of them were made. The many of Fedoskino lacquer boxes depict fashionable women or girls, elegantly dressed in stylish outfits, and sometimes wearing broad-brimmed hats and holding fans, scenes of folk life, folk tales and native landscapes. Previously lacquer boxes had been produced in Germany primarily for everyday purposes, or as souvenirs. In contrast, the entirely new repertoire of Fedoskino lacquer boxes was based on an intimate examination of the personal world of common women and children. The variety of facial expression and detail that makes Fedoskino lacquer boxes so appealing is due to a fairly complex method of manufacture. Like most earlier lacquer boxes, they were made of papier-mashe. The original three-dimensional painting was usually handmade by oil paints. No less than 10 layers of finish was applied over this box and, when hardened, the lacquer was polished with the same oil paint named "green rouge". ![]() In old Russia wood has been an essential part of everyday life. Besides manufacturing of utensils it used to carve many toys. There is a lovely story relating to Russian Saint Sergius of Radonezh (1321-1391) who gave presents to pilgrims with self-made wood carving toys. By the 18-19 century, wood carving center in Bogorodskoe village near Sergiev Posad arose. Bogorodskoe wood toys "Chicken", "Hammers" and "Peasant and the Bear" were favorable handmade wood toys for a long time. In the late eighties of 20 century, on this base there was formed new style of wood figurines known as Santa and Angels figurines. Bogorodskoe carvers manufacture their Santa figurines usually in close cooperation with Sergiev Posad's painters. Santa dolls painting and traces of cutting knife on wood figurines indicate that these goods of folk applied art are decorated with elaborate designs. ![]() For a traditional Russian dress the free direct cut, significant length of clothes, the greater length of sleeves, multilayers the ensemble, the sated colour with a contrast combination of painting of separate parts of a suit, an abundance of a decor and an embroidery is characteristic. Russian suit has rich history. During the long period since times of Ancient Russia prior to the beginning of XVIII century, it did not undergo sharp changes in the basic forms. XVIII century became a rotary mark in its distinction. This time of significant social and cultural transformations in Russia, has been in the reign of Peter the Great regulating various spheres of a life. Reforms have widely changed Russian life, including clothes. Since XVIII century the suit in Russia receives two directions: a nobiliary suit over which the West-European forms dominate and the original folk suit. |
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